decltype specifier

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

 

C++ language

 

Declarations

Overview declaration syntax decl-specifier-seq declarator Specifiers typedef inline function specifier virtual function specifier explicit function specifier friend constexpr (C++11) storage class specifiers class union enum decltype (C++11) auto (C++11) alignas (C++11) const/volatile elaborated type specifier attributes (C++11) Declarators reference pointer array

Block declarations simple-declaration alias declaration(C++11) namespace alias definition using-declaration using-directive static_assert declaration (C++11) asm-definition opaque enum declaration(C++11) Other declarations namespace definition function declaration class template declaration function template declaration explicit template instantiation(C++11) explicit template specialization linkage specification attribute declaration (C++11) empty declaration

 

Inspects the declared type of an entity or the type and value category of an expression.

Syntax

decltype ( entity )	(1)	(since C++11)
decltype ( expression )	(2)	(since C++11)

Explanation

1) If the argument is an unparenthesized id-expression naming a structured binding, then decltype yields the referenced type (described in the specification of the structured binding declaration).

(since C++17)

2) If the argument is an unparenthesized id-expression or an unparenthesized class member access expression, then decltype yields the type of the entity named by this expression. If there is no such entity, or if the argument names a set of overloaded functions, the program is ill-formed.

3) If the argument is any other expression of type T, and

a) if the value category of expression is xvalue, then decltype yields T&&;

b) if the value category of expression is lvalue, then decltype yields T&;

c) if the value category of expression is prvalue, then decltype yields T.

If expression is a function call which returns a prvalue of class type or is a comma expression whose right operand is such a function call, a temporary object is not introduced for (until C++17)materialized from (since C++17) that prvalue. The class type need not be complete or have an available destructor. This rule doesn't apply to sub-expressions: in decltype(f(g())), g() must have a complete type, but f() need not.

Note that if the name of an object is parenthesized, it is treated as an ordinary lvalue expression, thus decltype(x) and decltype((x)) are often different types.

decltype is useful when declaring types that are difficult or impossible to declare using standard notation, like lambda-related types or types that depend on template parameters.

Keywords

decltype

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
 
struct A { double x; };
const A* a = new A{0};
 
decltype(a->x) y;       // type of y is double (declared type)
decltype((a->x)) z = y; // type of z is const double& (lvalue expression)
 
template<typename T, typename U>
auto add(T t, U u) -> decltype(t + u); // return type depends on template parameters
 
int main() 
{
    int i = 33;
    decltype(i) j = i * 2;
 
    std::cout << "i = " << i << ", "
              << "j = " << j << '\n';
 
    auto f = [](int a, int b) -> int
    {
        return a * b;
    };
 
    decltype(f) g = f; // the type of a lambda function is unique and unnamed
    i = f(2, 2);
    j = g(3, 3);
 
    std::cout << "i = " << i << ", "
              << "j = " << j << '\n';
}

Output:

i = 33, j = 66
i = 4, j = 9

See also

auto specifier	specifies a type defined by an expression (C++11)
declval (C++11)	obtains a reference to its argument for use in unevaluated context (function template)